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| Homo=20
habilis |
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| The Eastern=20
African specimen: Homo habilis represents a pivotal =
phase in=20
hominid evolution. Scientists have marked habilis as =
the=20
beginning of the Homo line, where hominids are recognized =
as=20
breaking off from the australopithecine =
classification. A=20
large part in making the determination of where the beginning of =
the=20
Homo line were to take place had much to do with the level =
of=20
encephalization taking place in H. habilis, as it is with=20
habilis that we begin to see strong movements toward a =
modern brain=20
size.=20
Homo habilis broke through into science in the early =
1960's with=20
the discovery of the OH 7 (the habilis type =
specimen) fossil=20
at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania by Louis Leakey and=20
collegues. The existence of Homo habilis is =
currently=20
dated to between 1.9 and 1.6 million years. |
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| The Fossils: |
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| From Hadar, Ethiopia: |
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AL 666-1 =
Maxilla=20
=20
~Found by William Kimball at =
Hadar
~Dated to 2.3 million =
years
picture and reference credit |
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| From Koobi Fora, Kenya: |
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KNM-ER =
164 =20
Fragment of Left Parietal=20
~Like belongs to H. habilis, =
possibly=20
an Australopithecine though |
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KNM-ER =
731 =20
Mandible Fragment=20
~Discovered by K. Kimeu at=20
Ileret
~Specimen has severe peridontal=20
disease
~Is classified here as habilis =
because of its=20
gracile appearence is rather a shot in the dark |
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KNM-ER 739 Right =
Humerus=20
~By H. Mutua |
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KNM-ER 817 Mandible=20
Fragments=20
~Especially difficult to identify, =
this=20
specimen has been placed under the general categorization of=20
Homo |
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KNM-ER 992 =
(a-d) =20
Mandible=20
~By B. Ngeneo in 1972, at =
Ileret,=20
Kenya |
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KNM-ER =
1472 =20
Right Femur=20
~By J. M. Harris in 1972, at =
Koobi=20
Fora, Kenya |
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KNM-ER 1474 Cranial =
Fragment=20
~Likely belongs to habilis, =
but also a=20
less-likely candidate for Australopithecus |
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KNM-ER 1481=20
(a-d) Lower Limbs of a Single =
Individual=20
~By J. M. Harris in 1972, at =
Koobi=20
Fora, Kenya
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KNM-ER =
1500 =20
Fragments of Skeleton from Small Adult Individual=20
By J. Kimengech in 1972 at =
Koobi=20
Fora, Kenya |
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KNM-ER =
1501 =20
Mandible Fragment=20
~By B. Ngeneo in 1972, at =
Koobi=20
Fora, Kenya |
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KNM-ER 1502 Mandible=20
Fragment |
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KNM-ER =
1503 =20
Proximal End of Right Femur=20
~By M. Muluila in 1972, at Koobi =
Fora,=20
Kenya |
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KNM-ER =
1504 =20
Distal Fragment of Right Humerus=20
~By M. Mbithi in 1972, at =
Koobi=20
Fora, Kenya |
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KNM-ER 1506 Mandible=20
Fragment |
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KNM-ER =
1507 =20
Mandible Fragment=20
~By N. Mutiwa in 1972, at =
Koobi=20
Fora, Kenya |
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KNM-ER =
1805 =20
Partial Cranium, Maxilla, and Mandible
~Date of discovery and the =
discoverer are=20
unknown
~Dated to 1.7 million =
years
picture credit |
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KNM-ER 1808 Skeleton =
Fragments from=20
an Individual=20
~By K. Kimeu in 1973 at =
Koobi Fora,=20
Kenya |
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KNM-ER =
1813 =20
Cranium=20
~Found in 1973 at Koobi Fora, =
East=20
Turkana, in Kenya by K. Kimeu
~Dated to 1.8 million =
years
picture credit |
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KNM-ER 3228 Hip |
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KNM-ER 3735 Fragmentary =
Adult=20
Skeleton |
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KNM-ER 3950 Mandibular=20
Fragment=20
~Wavering as to place with =
Homo or=20
A. boisei |
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KNM-ER 3954 =
Mandible |
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KNM-ER 5429 Mandibular=20
Fragments |
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KNM-ER 5877 Mandibular=20
Fragment |
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KNM-ER =
7330 =20
Maxilla and Cranial Fragments=20
~Some also consider placement =
amongst=20
Australopithecus |
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| From Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: =
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OH 7 =
Fragmentary=20
Skull and Juvenile Mandible=20
~Found in 1960 by an assistant =
to L.S.B.=20
Leakey at Olduvai
~Dated to 1.75 million=20
years
~OH 7 is the type specimen =
for Homo=20
habilis
picture credit |
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OH =
8 Partial=20
Foot=20
~Found in 1960 by an assistant =
to L.S.B.=20
Leakey at Olduvai
~Dated to 1.75 million=20
years |
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![](3D"http://www.msu.edu/%7Eheslipst/contents/ANP440/images/oh-13.gif"=20)
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OH =
13 "Cindy"=20
or "Cinderella" (Partial skull with upper and lower =
dentition)=20
~Found in 1963 by N. Mbuika =
at the=20
site of Olduvai in Tanzania
~Dated to 1.7 million =
years
picture credit |
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OH =
16 =20
"George"=20
~Found in 1963 by Louis =
Leakey at the=20
site of Olduvai in Tanzania
~Dated to 1.7 million =
years
picture and reference credit |
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OH =
24 "Twiggy"=20
~Found in 1968 at Olduvai, =
Tanzania,=20
by Paul Nzube
~Dated to between 1.75 - 2.0 =
million=20
years
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picture credit |
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OH 62 =
Collection of=20
302 Bone Fragments =20
"Dik Dik Hominid"
~Found in 1986 by Don =
Johanson at=20
Olduvai
~Dated to slightly less than 2.0 =
million=20
years |
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| From Swartkrans, South Africa: =
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SK =
847 Partial=20
Cranium
~Discoverer is unknown, but found =
between=20
1949- 52 at Swartkrans
~Dated to between 1.5 - 2.0 =
million=20
years |
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StW 53 =
Partial=20
Cranium
~Found in 1976 by A.R. =
Hughes at=20
Sterkfontein
~Dated to between 1.5 - 2.0 =
million=20
years |
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| Click=20
her=
e=20
to continue with Hom=
o=20
rudolfensis=20
Click here=
=20
to see other East=
ern=20
African fossil hominid specimens
Click her=
e=20
to see other Sou=
thern=20
African fossil hominid specimens
Click here =
to=20
return to the main page |
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A. ramidus =
~ A. =
anamensis ~ A. =
afarensis ~ A. =
africanus ~ A. gahri ~ =
A.=20
bahrelghazali ~ P.=20
boisei ~ P.=20
aethiopicus ~ P.=20
robustus ~ H. habilis ~ H. =
rudolfensis ~=20
H. =
erectus ~ H. =
ergaster ~ H. =
antecessor ~=20
H.=20
heidelbergensis ~ H.=20
neanderthalensis ~ H.=20
sapiens |
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Sou=
thern=20
Africa ~ East=
ern=20
Africa ~ North=20
Central Africa ~ Asia =
~ Europe/N=
orthwestern=20
Africa |
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Steven =
Heslip ~ 2001 ~ heslipst@msu.edu |
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